Sidite Solar, Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector, Solar Panels: 四月 2018

2018年4月17日星期二

EGYPT AND JORDAN: SHAMCI TO GIVE NEW IMPETUS TO ARAB MARKETS

The implementation of SHAMCI, the Solar Heating Arab Mark and Certification Initiative, could help expand the solar thermal market in both Egypt and Jordan. On 15 and 16 May 2017, a workshop held at the headquarters of RCREEE (Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency) and on the premises of NREA (New and Renewable Energy Authority of Egypt) in Cairo offered experts, market observers and stakeholders from both countries a platform to discuss requirements for implementing SHAMCI at national level. Solarthermalworld.org spoke to Lotus Shaheen, who works at SHAMCI’s secretariat, about the results of the workshop and the next steps by the regional initiative.

Photo: RCREEE

Solarthermalworld.org: What are the objectives of SHAMCI and has there been a timetable for its implementation?

Shaheen: The Solar Heating Arab Mark and Certification Initiative is a quality certification scheme for solar thermal products and services across the Arab region. Although SHAMCI was based on Europe’s Solar Keymark, it has been adapted to meet the requirements of developing countries. It is the first certification scheme for solar thermal products in the Arab region.

SHAMCI’s main objective is to provide policymakers, manufacturing businesses and consumers with a regional industry and regulatory compliance framework. In other words, SHAMCI helps decision makers to devise better policies, assists manufacturers in accumulating know-how and improving product quality and offers consumers unbiased quality assessments.

Solarthermalworld.org: How does SHAMCI receive funding?

Shaheen: SHAMCI is one of the projects initiated by RCREEE and used to be funded by it too. The RCREEE budget had previously been provided by the governments of Denmark, Germany and Egypt. But in 2015, RCREEE began to rely on self-funding and governmental support for it was gradually reduced. At present, funds are very limited, but the secretariat is doing its best to secure some financial support and partnerships through programmes of common interest to particularly small-scale activities, such as the REEE II, the EU-financed Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Programme in Jordan, and the PTB’s Strengthening quality infrastructure for solar thermal energy in the Maghreb, a project paid for by the German government. More of these efforts to secure funding will prove to be good for implementation at national level and boost solar water heater (SWH) markets across the Arab region.

Solarthermalworld.org: Which results can be expected from SHAMCI? Will it foster the development of solar thermal?

Shaheen: Despite the region’s great potential for solar thermal development, the markets have been developing at a very slow pace, to say the least. Reasons vary; it may be technical aspects and a not well-adapted or insufficient policy framework. A study conducted by a Swedish university [see the attached document] has found that poor quality and reliability have had an impact on the reputation of SWH suppliers in Egypt. Another example is Jordan, where the national action plan targets an SWH market share of 25 % by 2020, although the country has no countrywide certification scheme in place. The adoption of SHAMCI by the Jordanian authorities will help enforce existing policies on energy efficiency and renewable energy.

Moreover, the Global Solar Certification Network has recognised SHAMCI as the quality mark of the Middle East and North Africa. SHAMCI-labelled products will ensure top quality, safety, reliability, durability and high performance in the growing target markets, which will help authorities improve customer confidence, facilitate regional collaborations, eliminate trade barriers and promote compliance with industrial quality standards and monitoring. SHAMCI will also benefit manufacturers, as it standardises product testing, guaranteeing high-quality products without upping costs.

Solarthermalworld.org: The recent workshop gave everyone an opportunity to discuss project implementation in Egypt and Jordan: What do you think will be its impact on the two countries?

Shaheen: First, we intend to set up efficient channels of communication between the relevant quality infrastructure organisations – certification and inspection bodies and test labs – in Egypt and Jordan as well as between the relevant national stakeholders and the SHAMCI network secretariat. It will be equally important, however, to channel these efforts and encourage collaborations, in order to grant the first SHAMCI mark no later than the end of 2017. This is not only crucial to maintaining a clear timetable, but it also helps create a momentum for the project to overcome market barriers in Egypt, Jordan or any other country interested in SHAMCI. Additionally, we talked about possible ways for marketing SHAMCI and about involving the private sector.

Solarthermalworld.org: Will other countries besides Egypt and Jordan benefit from SHAMCI’s efforts to expand the solar thermal market?

Shaheen: As SHAMCI’s objective is to guarantee and harmonise the quality assurance of solar thermal products across the Arab region, it is open to all interested countries. However, the successful implementation of SHAMCI depends on the QA infrastructure of a country. We started with Egypt and Jordan, but we are organising another regional workshop for Lebanon and Tunisia on 19 and 20 July to discuss implementation in these two. We expect Algeria and Morocco to be the next to follow.

Solarthermalworld.org: Do you believe that after successful implementation of SHAMCI, there will still be some barriers limiting the development of solar thermal in the region? If you do, what are they?

Shaheen: By design, SHAMCI is thought to be an ongoing project similar to the Solar Keymark scheme. But unlike its European counterpart, which is funded by the industry, SHAMCI is a government-supported programme. In other words, SHAMCI’s implementation depends on the national framework and resources of a given country rather than on market-driven policies. At least in the initial stages of the project, the biggest challenge could be to couple the solar thermal policies in a country with private-sector initiatives, considering the different boundary conditions of each individual case. However, I believe that once the policy-market balance has been established, many barriers will have already been torn down.

Websites zu organisations mentioned in this article:

Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: www.rcreee.org

Global Solar Certification Network: http://www.gscn.solar/

SHAMCI: www.shamci.net

http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

China manufacturer, Solar water heater, solar hot water, solar hot water heater, solar water heater system, heat pipe solar water heater, pressured solar water heater, flat panel solar water heater, solar collector, solar thermal collector, vacuum tube solar collector, evacuated tube solar collector, solar panels.

Web: www.chinasidite.com
Tel: 0086-573-83224422 / 83225522
Fax: 0086-573-83225533
E-mail: sdt01@sidite.com

ITALY: NEW SOLAR COOLING SYSTEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Government incentives have been pushing solar cooling forwards in Italy. The large budget available for national incentive scheme Conto Termico 2.0 has made several service providers optimistic about the future of the Italian market. For example, Mario Colaiemma from Maya, the European distributor of Japanese Yazaki chillers, said that “Italy was the key market for our solar thermal-driven chillers in 2016.” The photo shows a typical solar cooling system based on slightly below 50 m² of vacuum tube collectors connected to a 17.6 kW chiller. It was installed in Sicily, also home to two solar cooling plants by German chiller manufacturer Fahrenheit (formerly Sortech). Gregor Feig, Head of Sales at Fahrenheit, said in March 2017 that “two sorption cooling systems were put into operation in data centres in Enna and Caltanissetta, in the very sunny region of Sicily. Two more systems have been delivered, but haven’t gone online yet.”

Photo: Maya

Solar cooling plants in Italy are part of the scope of Conto Termico and their owners can receive subsidies of up to 65 % of the investment costs. After regulations were revised in February 2016, even larger installations with a gross area of up to 2,500 m² have become eligible for the programme (previously, the cap was 1,000 m²).

However, the 2015 share of solar cooling and process heat was only 0.5 % of the total of 5,121 systems, which translates into 44,313 m² based on the most recent statistics by Gestore dei Servizi Energetici (GSE), the governmental administrator of the scheme. This means that 2015 saw the government approving subsidies for not more than 26 plants, used either for solar cooling or industrial process heat. Still, a large part of the budget remains available – EUR 191 million (out of EUR 200 million) for public buildings and more than EUR 660 million (out of EUR 700 million) for private-sector ones.

“The main barrier to market growth is the lack of knowledge about the fairly good conditions of Conto Termico 2.0,” explained Colaiemma, whose company set up and put five solar thermal cooling systems into operation in Italy last year.

Technical requirements to apply for solar cooling subsidies

To be eligible for Conto Termico, solar thermal systems must have

A Solar Keymark collector certificate
Based on this certificate, a specific yield greater than 300 kWh/m² and year for flat plate collectors and above 400 kWh/m² for evacuated tubes at the Würzburg site and 50 °C
A metering system if collectors are more than 100 m² in size and data must be sent to GSE each year

There are two more requirements to be met when sizing solar cooling plants:

The ratio between collector gross area (in m²) and chilling power (in kW) must be between 2 and 2.75.
If the system employs desiccant cooling, the gross surface area of the collectors must be between 8 and 10 m² per 1,000 m3 and hour of air used.

Subsidy paid in two or five annual instalments

The subsidy amount is paid in two annual instalments for systems below 50 m² and in five for ones between 50 and 2,500 m². The yearly amount in euros (Ia tot) is calculated as follows:

Ia tot = Ci •Qu• Sl

where Sl refers to the system’s gross area, Ci is a parameter containing a value from the table below, and Qu is the annual collector yield (as reported on the Solar Keymark certificate for Würzburg at 75 °C) divided by the gross area of the collector type.

Sl gross collector area	≤ 12 m²	12 ≤ 50 m²	50 ≤ 200 m²	200 ≤ 500 m²	500 ≤ 2,500 m²
Ci [EUR/kWh]	0.43	0.39	0.13	0.12	0.11

Parameter depending on the gross collector area given in regulations of Conto Termico

A 200 m² (140 kW) solar cooling installation (Cì of 0.13 EUR/kWh) with a collector yielding 370 kWh/m² at 75 °C will receive EUR 9,620 in annual instalments, which will add up to EUR 48,100 in five years. If the design satisfies the rules mentioned above, the system’s cooling load should be between 70 and 100 kWcool. Typical investment costs for larger solar cooling installations average 2,200 EUR/kW, as per the German-based Green Chiller association. Consequently, the EUR 48,100 grant will cover between 22 and 31 % of the investment of EUR 154,000 to 220,000. This is not even half of the promised 65 % grant – probably one of the reasons why the number of solar cooling remains small within Conto Termico.

More information:
Search for #SolarCooling hashtag on Twitter

Websites of organisations and programmes mentioned in this news article:

Conto Termico support: www.gse.it/it/Conto%20Termico/Conto%20Termico%202.0/Pagine/default.aspx

Solar Keymark certificate: www.solarkeymark.org

Maya: www.maya-airconditioning.com/english/base_menu_en.html

Fahrenheit: https://fahrenheit.cool/

http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

EUROPE: COLLECTOR FIELD IS MAIN COST DRIVER OF INDUSTRIAL SOLAR HEAT PLANTS

Scientists from Germany and Switzerland have recently analysed the cost structures of systems producing solar process heat. They presented their findings in mid-May at the Solar Thermal Energy Symposium, where they said they had identified great potential for cost-cutting and discovered a large spread of installation prices. Planning SHIP systems involved more work than doing the same for domestic applications, but it was the collectors that made up the lion’s share of the investment. The three-day symposium attracted around 230 experts from research and industry. As Germany’s major annual conference on solar heating and cooling, it focused this year on turnkey heating solutions, including solar ones for the housing market and industrial processes. It was the 27th symposium and, at the same time, the last one organised by the East-Bavarian Institute for Technology Transfer, OTTI, which filed for bankruptcy in February 2017. The symposium’s board of advisers has taken over sponsorship until a new conference organiser is found for 2018 (see attached flyer in German).

Photo: OTTI

Dominik Ritter and Bastian Schmitt from the Institute of Thermal Engineering, a department of the University of Kassel, Germany, analysed the cost structures of over 250 turnkey process heat plants which had received funding in Germany between August 2012 and the end of 2016 (total of 267, with 183 of them in operation to date). They considered net costs of planning, components and parts, which included integration, installation and start-up. Particularly systems with less than 100 m² of collector area showed huge variations of total cost, as can be seen in figure 1. Sometimes, a plant was about 3.5 times as expensive as a similar one – despite comparable planning and integration efforts. The differences were attributed to a lack of competition and experience, with the latter resulting in high prices, as turnkey suppliers have added charges for unforeseen circumstances. Figure 1 also does not provide any data on system integration. Its proportion of total cost may vary significantly based on what and how many custom-made components were required, whether several heat consumers needed to be integrated or materials had to meet special requirements for hygiene, resistance to acid fluids or pressure hikes.

Fig. 1: Specific costs calculated based on 267 submitted subsidy applications for turnkey systems producing solar process heat (net costs, excl. subsidies); 183 of these were implemented in late 2016

Source: ITE, University of Kassel

Increasing plant size will reduce price fluctuations and the total cost per m² of collector area, as shown in figure 1. The type of collector chosen for the project will also greatly impact cost per m²: Plants with air collectors need, on average, 540 EUR/m² (minimum: 265 EUR/m²), flat plate collectors 770 EUR/m² (minimum: 365 EUR/m²) and vacuum tube collectors with CPC 985 EUR/m² (minimum: 705 EUR/m²). Dominik Ritter advises investors to ask for at least one alternative offer, in case the first one is significantly higher than the corresponding average.

Ritter and Schmitt agreed that cost-saving potential was high, but was mainly dependent on significant market growth. The small market puts solar process heat companies in a weak position when negotiating with suppliers. Specialised companies will often have to add high margins to bridge the gap between orders.

The two scientists from Kassel also calculated static heat cost per MWh based on solar yields, a 50 % subsidy and a 20-year system life. Eighty-four plants had data available which could be used for analysis; their cost of heat averaged 49 €/MWh.

As can be seen in figure 2, collectors were the factor with the biggest impact on the cost of solar process heat, followed by installation (16 %) and hydraulic components (12 %). Measuring and control, planning and other expenses had little influence on the total.

Fig. 2: Average share of component net cost

Source: ITE, University of Kassel

Cost saving through simpler system integration

The cost structure of solar process heat was also analysed by a research team from the SPF Institute of Solar Technology Rapperswil (fig. 3). Although there is no method for a direct comparison of findings, the chart below uses the same colour to indicate similar categories found in both studies.

Total cost of six pilot projects in Switzerland

Fig. 3: Total cost of six pilot projects producing solar process heat in Switzerland, as determined by SPF Rapperswil. Where totals do not add up, the difference is due to rounding.

The authors of the study looked at only six plants, all of them pilot projects of unique design. Three of these include parabolic trough collectors, one with an evacuated flat plate collector and two with vacuum tube collectors. This means that on no mean values and no absolute figures were published, and figure 3 shows the cost structure of each project individually. Despite their differences, the systems had one thing in common, namely the collector as the main cost factor – again. Still, Mercedes Rittmann-Frank believes that system integration remains at the forefront of cost cuts and system improvements: “System integration must get simpler. This could result in cost saving, reduce design issues and eliminate errors. Additionally, there are often different teams working on planning and installation, which increases the chance of mistakes.”

More information:

University of Kassel: http://www.solar.uni-kassel.de/

Information on process heat (in German): http://www.solare-prozesswaerme.info/

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SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

POLAND: SEVERE MARKET DECLINE ON HEAT PIPE SOLAR COLLECTOR

Poland´s market collapsed in 2016. A decline had been expected, but that it would be so severe surprised even insiders from the industry. Only 115,400 m² (81 MW_th) were added in 2016, a whopping 58 % less than the 277,000 m² (194 MW_th) installed the year prior. Consequently, Poland dropped from rank 3 to 6 on the list of the largest European markets. Between 2012 and 2014, only Germany and Italy had sold more collector area. Since 2015, annual figures have come from SPIUG, the Association of Manufacturers and Importers of Heating Appliances, and these numbers correspond fairly well to the 2016 ones by British consultancy BSRIA. Before 2015, annual market statistics had been published by the Polish Institute for Renewable Energy.

Source: IEO and SPIUG

“2016 had no attractive national support scheme in place,” explained Ireneusz Jelen, Marketing Manager at Hewalex, one of Poland’s leading collector manufacturers. The national funding scheme died off in several stages. The first setback came at the end of 2014, when the long-running residential subsidy scheme by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, NFOSiGW, stopped accepting applications. The Prosument interim programme, which funded PV and solar thermal with an unwavering focus on renewable power production was expected to run until 2022. In summer 2016, however, it was halted as well and the remaining NFOSiGW budget was transferred to regional funds. Since then, the industry and its clients have been waiting for a new incentive scheme at regional level.

“Many of our customers hesitated to invest, because they were waiting for an announcement of new financing schemes, even regarding photovoltaics,” said Jelen. She also emphasised that the number of tender invitations for municipal projects had been cut down significantly in 2016, as international development cooperation programmes such as Swiss Contribution came to an end. In 2015, Hewalex had installed solar thermal systems in as many as 137 public buildings.

In addition to the end of national subsidy policy, “gas prices for residential customers have remained stable in the last two years, strengthening competition from combi gas boilers,” explained Krystyna Dawson, Business Manager at BSRIA. Dawson also pointed out that despite high electricity prices, domestic hot water heat pumps were seen “as a more interesting renewable solution in Poland, as they are cheaper to buy and easier to install than solar thermal systems.”

Vacuum tube collectors all but disappeared from the Polish market last year. SPIUG said that around 3,700 m² had been sold, while BSRIA estimated 5,000 m² – both figures seem negligible compared to the 86,000 m² in the peak year of 2012. Janusz Staroscik, Head of SPIUG, explained that several former suppliers of solar thermal systems had switched markets and were offering heat pumps and photovoltaic systems instead.

Websites of organisations mentioned in this article:

SPIUG: http://www.spiug.pl/

IEO: http://ieo.pl/en/

Hewalex: http://www.hewalex.pl/

BSRIA: www.bsria.co.uk

http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

TURKEY: VACUUM TUBES IN RESIDENTIAL, FLAT PLATE IN COMMERCIAL SEGMENT

Turkey’s solar thermal market remained strong in 2016. However, sales figures are hardly easy to come by, as there is a formal market, on which businesses offer well-known brands, and an informal one, on which systems are supplied by unregistered small producers. Solar Thermals: Turkey, the latest report on the Turkish market by British consultancy BSRIA has shown that the formal market remained fairly stable last year, with an estimated 1.53 million m² (1.1 GWth) compared to 1.5 million m² in 2015. Owners of residential one- and two-family buildings again accounted for the lion’s share of purchases, as 51 % of all new systems for hot water preparation and a small but growing number of space heating systems were sold to them last year (see the chart above).

Source: BSRIA

The second-largest segment was multi-family property, one mostly supplied by centralised pumped systems. BSRIA expects sales in this segment to increase, as one- and two-family buildings are often replaced by houses offering several individual units. Most of the non-residential segment consists of hotels and leisure centres, followed by educational and healthcare facilities. Flat plate collectors have been used primarily as part of large centralised systems at commercial buildings and multi-family property. The size of commercial systems varies greatly, but will, on average, be between 30 and 100 m². The supply chain is mostly in the hands of Turkish-based flat plate collector manufacturers; the largest brands found on the market last year were Eraslan, Solimpeks, Sergun, Anages, Ezinç and Baymak.

The share of vacuum tubes in new installations increased to 47 % in 2016, up from 40 % the year prior. Vacuum tubes were “popular mostly for residential applications” and there was no significant demand for their commercial use. BSRIA said that “the boost came from marketing campaigns which were run in the country’s colder regions, such as middle and east Anatolia, and promoted vacuum tubes as a more efficient and durable solution in cold weather.” In 2016, vacuum tubes were supplied by Turkey’s three manufacturers Lara Solar, Solarsan and Assolar. They were established after a tax had been imposed on Chinese imports in 2011. BSRIA estimates the domestic market share of Lara Solar and Solarsan to be similar to the one of Assolar, which had a slightly lower market penetration than its two competitors.

One-third of sales in informal sector

Over the last years, Kutay Ülke, who used to be export manager at Ezinç Metal and is working today for Bural Heating, has provided annual sales figures for the entire Turkish market, both the formal and informal one. Ülke´s statistics show that there were 2.1 million m² newly installed in 2015. The informal sector is assumed to make up the difference between this number and the 1.5 million m² researched by BSRIA, so that around one-third of all collectors were supplied by small “backyard producers” from the corresponding region.

The 38-page study Solar Thermals: Turkey can be purchased from BSRIA, a British-based consultancy focused on strategic market research in the building services industry. BSRIA’s report on the Turkish market situation was based on interviews with key stakeholders from the country’s solar thermal market, including solar collector and tank manufacturers. The country reports on solar thermal include comprehensive information on solar thermal market size, broken down by type of collector and system, plus details on segmentation, market trends and drivers, supply structures, distribution and target groups. Similar reports have been available for air conditioning, heating, renewable technology, energy, smart homes, cabling and building controls. BSRIA is headquartered in Bracknell, near London, and engages more than 200 staff.

Websites of organisations mentioned in this news article:

http://www.anages.com/

http://www.assolarenerji.com/en/

http://www.baymak.com.tr/

www.bsria.co.uk

http://www.eraslan.com.tr/en/index.html

http://www.larasolar.com/en/

https://sergun.com/

http://www.solimpeks.com/

http://www.solarsan.com.tr/en/

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