Sidite Solar, Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector, Solar Panels: 七月 2018

2018年7月29日星期日

SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING POTENTIAL OF SMALL TOWNS IN EUROPE

Most small European towns connected to a district heating network have enough land available for a solar field to meet 20 % of heat demand. In all, 93 % of the identified solar heat potential can be produced at a price of less than 50 EUR/MWh. These are the key findings from a study by PlanEnergi, a Danish consultancy. Its authors analysed maps showing 2,480 district heating networks in 22 countries that have no means of using waste heat for the task. The chart shows the 10 which have the greatest potential for solar district heating at less than 50 EUR/MWh. PlanEnergi explained the methodology and summarised the results in a report titled Solar District Heating Trends and Possibilities. It has been published by research platform Solar Heat and Energy Economics in Urban Environments under the auspices of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme.

All charts and table: PlanEnergi

“We’ve seen strong growth in solar district heating in Denmark over the past decade, so we wanted to find out whether other countries could see similar levels of progress,” Daniel Trier, who works at PlanEnergi, explained. There are 104 Danish towns which have a large-scale solar thermal plant to supply them with heat. The smallest has a population of 256 and the biggest 43,885, at an average of 4,169. In addition to land being more easily available around villages, the authors observed average heat prices to be much higher than in cities, as thermal energy was generated at greater cost, for example, via gas-fired CHP or boiler units.

Pipeline length between solar field and supply point	200 m	1,000 m
No. of small towns with enough land to meet solar fraction targets	2,375 (99 %)	2,350 (98 %)
Solar district heating potential	20 TWh	39 TWh
Required collector area	48 million m2	118 million m2

Technical solar-related potential of existing district heating networks in smaller European towns where waste heat is not used but solar heat meets 20 % of yearly district heating demand.

PlanEnergi’s analysis has been conducted in partnership with Heat Roadmap Europe, a project which aims to establish new policies and encourage investment in methods which can decarbonise heating and cooling. Using a geographical information system (GIS), the authors of the study set maps of resources and district heating networks across Europe in relation to available heat sources, such as excess thermal energy, and heat demand.

The green colour in this photo of Gleinstätten, Austria, indicates potential areas for SDH installations across a 200-metre zone starting at the town’s borders. Land used for agriculture, as well as some undeveloped areas such as grassland, was assumed to be suitable.

Background: Google Maps, retrieved in 2017

The authors identified 20 TWh of solar heat potential in regard to district heating plants in operation throughout Europe. As shown in the table above, it would require 48 million m2 of collector area to exploit it. Obviously, this is the low-hanging fruit, as the figure refers to existing networks in small towns where waste heat is not used. It represents only a small fraction of the entire technical potential of solar district heating in Europe. However, what the analysis does not reveal is whether the land in question can be purchased or leased at all.

Subsequently, it was determined what solar heat prices could be achieved for around 2,500 potential solar district heating plants (see chart below). The investment comprised the solar field, including installation, energy storage, transmission and land. Solar technology was assumed to be offered at the same price in all countries, whereas the cost of land was determined for each country individually.

Proportion of technical potential (see the table above) at a maximum of EUR 35 or EUR 55 for each MWh. Parameters of analysis: loan at 3 % interest per year, 25-year economic life of solar field and 20-year span regarding storage tank, as well as 3 kWhel of solar electricity per MWh for pumping.

Organisations mentioned in this article:

http://planenergi.eu/

www.iea-shc.org

http://task52.iea-shc.org/

2018年7月24日星期二

SECTOR COUPLING STILL AT AN EARLY STAGE

‘Sector coupling’ has become one of the most well-known terms to describe the transformation of energy markets. It had originally been created for models that use surplus renewables, such as wind and solar electricity, to provide heat and power new means of transport. International organisations – for example, REN21 and IEA – have since established more general definitions and charts to illustrate the process. The figure on the left-hand side is taken from a presentation given by Paolo Frankl, Head of the IEA’s Renewable Energy Division, at the Mexirec Conference in Mexico last September.

Chart: IEA

The chart shows the technologies needed for cross-sectoral integration: district heating, heat pumps and electric vehicle chargers. They are likewise mentioned in the Challenges of Energy Systems Integration chapter of REN 21’s Renewables 2018. Global Status Report, also known as GSR 2018.

The authors of the report state that the technologies for sector coupling already exist. As an example, they point to heat pumps, which they regard as a mature technology that makes for effective penetration of thermal markets. They are also convinced that “district heating and cooling systems offer a ready pathway to use renewable thermal energy (such as solar, geothermal and biomass), as well as renewable electricity, as a substitute for fossil fuel sources” to facilitate the aggregation of multiple consumer needs in a way that is more flexible and economical than if systems had been installed in individual flats or buildings.

This year is the first in which a general definition of sector coupling has been added to GSR’s glossary: “The integration of energy supply and demand across electricity, thermal and transport applications, which occur via co-production, combined use, conversion and substitution.”

However, not everyone agrees on what term to use. In other parts of the world, as in the United Kingdom, sector coupling is known as a ‘whole energy systems approach’. In the United States, it is simply called ‘energy systems integration’, or ESI. The International Institute for Energy Systems Integration writes that the new method for meeting demand “takes a holistic view of the energy systems we use today – focusing on the combined strength of our electricity, heat and fuels systems. Tapping into the combined strength of energy systems maximises the value of every unit of energy we use in our water, power and transportation infrastructures.”

The complexity of the approach becomes clearer when looking at cross-sectoral policies. This year, the authors of the GSR 2018 have expanded the Policy Landscape chapter to describe showcase examples, even though their number is still small (see p. 62 at download link below).

One of these examples is Austria, where buyers of electric vehicles will receive an incentive for using only renewable electricity to charge their cars. China´s policy environment is mentioned to introduce a monitoring system for solar power to steer solar PV investment towards regions with lower rates of energy curtailment. This is achieved by means of a clean energy quota, with targets set at provincial level. The National Energy Administration in China encourages energy producers to trade with heating companies, with the intent to gradually eliminate coal-fired industrial boilers and transition fuel sources for residential heating to natural gas or electricity. The small number of examples show that the implementation of sector coupling is still at an early stage and focused on the electric power sector.

Policies to help implement sector coupling with a focus on the electric power sector, as presented by Paolo Frankl at Mexirec.

Chart: IEA

It is thought to be vital that solar heating and cooling institutes and research networks get involved in the energy debate to give a voice to the heating sector. Austrian-based AEE INTEC is concentrating on one important aspect, namely the increased the use of heat pumps in residential space heating as one of the sector coupling technologies.

However, electric heaters would not have that much of an impact on the market, said Werner Weiss, Managing Director of AEE INTEC. At the SHC conference in Abu Dhabi last November, he pointed out that heat demand showed 6 times the seasonal fluctuation of electricity consumption (see the chart below). An increase in the electric load for space heating in winter would require expensive capacity additions. The authors of the GSR 2018 write about the importance of not putting more pressure on the electric grid when creating pathways for renewable electricity to new end-use markets.

Volatility of electricity and heat in Austria in 2017

Source: AEE INTEC

You can download the GSR 2018 at http://www.ren21.net/status-of-renewables/global-status-report

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

China manufacturer, Solar water heater, solar hot water, solar hot water heater, solar water heater system, heat pipe solar water heater, pressured solar water heater, flat panel solar water heater, solar collector, solar thermal collector, vacuum tube solar collector, evacuated tube solar collector, solar panels.

Web: www.chinasidite.com
Tel: 0086-573-83224422 / 83225522
Fax: 0086-573-83225533
E-mail: sdt01@sidite.com

VACUUM TUBES WITH CPCS DOMINATE SHIP MARKET

Concentrating solar thermal technologies continue to flourish in India. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has reported to have received concentrating solar thermal applications worth more than 10,000 m2 since the national subsidy scheme was extended in February 2018. Most applications were about solar heat for industrial processes, also known as SHIP, and cooling. Vacuum tube collectors with CPCs, short for compound parabolic concentrators, are one of the technologies eligible for the scheme and took the lion’s share at nearly 80 %.

Photo: Thermax

A survey among Indian suppliers of concentrating solar systems has shown that a rising number of companies – start-ups and first-generation entrepreneurs alike – had been entering the market for this technology.

For example, the SHIP projects completed by Oorja Energy, a clean tech heating and cooling supplier, had topped 2,000 m2 of collector area by then. All of those use vacuum tubes with CPC. A 540 m2 system recently installed at Tata Motors has revealed that CPC mirrors require short maintenance intervals due to dust accumulation. “To overcome the problem, we’ve covered our CPC collectors with toughened glass, which will have a marginal impact on conversion efficiency,” noted Oorja´s Managing Director Madhusudhan Rao.

In addition, Soft Tech Renewable Energies, also known as STRE, has been offering concentrating dishes for applications as varied as cooking, process heat, air conditioning and steam production over the past 12 years. The company’s management said that orders totalling 3,000 m2 of collector area were in the pipeline. The largest of those projects included 100 dishes measuring 16 m2 each. The system would be used for electroplating and become the biggest for this sort of application in India. The dish ‘collector’ area is defined as a rectangular area limited by the solar field’s perimeter. The company is being promoted by the First Generation of Entrepreneurs programme in India.

Furthermore, Sudhir Sarawat, Director at Greenlife Solutions, announced that his company had received an order for designing a beverage business’s preheating system. The vacuum tube-CPC area would measure about 2,300 m2. He added that the market was worth a try, but that the technology would remain confined to niche applications.

Renewed interest as oil prices on the rise

Thermax has stated that it would be participating in a request for tenders about nearly 2,000 m2 of concentrating solar thermal systems, to be installed in the dairy industry. A spokesperson for the company said that there had been renewed interest in solar heating in the industrial sector, as oil prices were on the rise.

And Solwedish Solar is currently revamping a solar thermal cooling system which has been running for 10 years at a municipal hospital in Thane in western India. Madan Mohan Reddy, Founder and Managing Director of Solwedish Solar, said that the size of the planned installation was 576 m2 and that it would use square dishes, complete with dual-axis tracking.

By contrast, Rajesh Verma, Managing Director of mirror manufacturer ARS Glasstech, said business had slowed down after last year’s delay in subsidy approval. He hoped that some of the announced large-scale installations would reinvigorate their business.

HUL, short for Hindustan Unilever Limited, a Gujarat-based manufacturer of personal care products, has recently commissioned a 1,020 m2 SHIP plant that uses vacuum tubes with CPC. In the first 12 months of operation, it is said to have saved its customer close to 70,000 litres of diesel. HUL ranks eighth on Forbes' list of the world's most innovative companies in 2018.

Indian companies have also made an inroad into the realm of SHIP exports. For example, Orb Energy has planned and commissioned projects for a leading multinational corporation that manufactures household products in Myanmar, Kenya and Ghana. These three projects alone totalled 2,140 m2 of collector area.

The continuation of the capital subsidy scheme has been encouraging news for technology suppliers. The 20,000 m2 target for the current financial year seems to have already been exceeded and the 90,000 m2 one might be achieved before the 2022 deadline.

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

1 MILLION M2 COLLECTORS PRODUCED IN KONYA, TURKEY

The Turkish solar thermal manufacturer Solimpeks announced to have produced 1 million m² of collector area in its 17 years of company history. In a press release from the beginning of June it says that Solimpeks exports to 70 countries across the globe. The company reached place seven in the ranking of the largest flat plate collector manufacturers globally. The photo shows the largest installation that the company ever installed: The 4,575 m² collector field provides hot water to a prison in Ankara since earlier this year.

Photo: Solimpeks

"As a company we have been working for the sustainable future of our country and the world for the past 17 years; we are meeting the solar energy needs of hundreds of thousands of homes in more than 70 countries”, is the Solimpeks General Manager Mehmet Emin Keçeciler quoted in the press release. The factory is based in Konya, south of Ankara in central Turkey, with a total of 110 employees including an engineering department for large-scale solar thermal systems.

Since it foundation in 2001 Solimpeks has only produced flat plate collectors, vacuum tube collectors are not part of the portfolio. In 2012 the company has started manufacturing glazed PVT collectors.

Export in 70 countries across the globe

80 % of the annual collector production volume is exported. 20 % is sold domestically via around 90 dealers all across Turkey. “We export as well OEM collectors and complete thermosiphon systems roughly half and half,” confirms Feyza Güsün, Solimpeks Solar Corporate Communication Specialist.

The key export markets in 2017 were Italy, Spain, UAE, and the French overseas departments. Solimpeks operates sales offices in Kenya, Hungary, Spain, Germany, Australia, and Mauritania. “To be closer to the Sub-Sahara Markets, we started assembling collectors in Nairobi in 2011”, says Güsün. “We ship pre-fabricated absorbers from Turkey to the east African country to be assembled there.” In September 2017 the Solimpeks export team took part for the first time at a Chinese fair. „We see a great future in the Chinese market, but have very little experiences yet,“ says Güsün.

Company mentioned in the text:

www.solimpeks.com

www.sidite-solar.com

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING POTENTIAL OF SMALL TOWNS IN EUROPE

All charts and table: PlanEnergi

Pipeline length between solar field and supply point	200 m	1,000 m
No. of small towns with enough land to meet solar fraction targets	2,375 (99 %)	2,350 (98 %)
Solar district heating potential	20 TWh	39 TWh
Required collector area	48 million m2	118 million m2

Technical solar-related potential of existing district heating networks in smaller European towns where waste heat is not used but solar heat meets 20 % of yearly district heating demand.

Background: Google Maps, retrieved in 2017

Organisations mentioned in this article:

http://planenergi.eu/

www.iea-shc.org

http://task52.iea-shc.org/

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

WATER-ENERGY NEXUS IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Water and energy are the most important resources globally. The term ‘water-energy nexus’ was coined to underline their close connection, and the phrase has become increasingly popular with international environmental organisations. In mid-June, a new research platform, Solar energy in industrial water and waste water management, was launched by the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme to analyse the link between water and energy across the industrial sector. The kick-off meeting is scheduled to take place between 1 and 2 October in Graz, Austria.
Chart: AEE INTEC
The industrial sector is the second-biggest water consumer after agricultural businesses. “We intend to investigate and improve solar-powered water separation and water purification in industry,” said Christoph Brunner, a researcher at Austrian-based AEE INTEC and the chair of the new platform. In addition to a cut in water consumption, Brunner pursues several aims:

Open up new opportunities for solar thermal.
Equip water purification plants with new technologies.
Recover metals, carbon, phosphorus and other valuable materials from industrial waste water.

One focus of the platform is to evaluate the benefits of solar technologies. “We want to develop a matrix showing industrial customers’ needs for separation processes and assess cutting-edge solar thermal technologies, including their pros and cons,” Brunner said. The group is headed by Joachim Koschikowski, a researcher at Fraunhofer ISE. A second one chaired by Isabel Oller from CIEMAT-PSA is said to be working on technologies that use sunlight or UV radiation to decontaminate or disinfect water. Brunner has extended an invitation to collector manufacturers to participate in the analysis of new applications, with the opportunity of creating tailor-made solutions (see the contact details at the bottom).
Another aim of the platform is to offer guidelines to planners and engineering firms to support their decision-making processes. “It is important to understand industrial end users. It is why we will study the implementation of the water-energy nexus in industry,” Brunner said. Mikel Duke from Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia, has been chosen to head this market-orientated research group.
The kick-off meeting is scheduled for 1 and 2 October in Graz, which would put it just ahead of the International Sustainable Energy Conference, also taking place in the city. Meetings will then be held twice a year for two days each until the project ends in September 2022. Researchers and businesses interested in participating can contact Christoph Brunner via the email address below. There are ten research platforms under the auspices of the IEA. So-called tasks manage collaborative research efforts in a wide range of fields, from solar envelope solutions to storage tank design to the integration of large-scale solar fields into district heating and cooling networks. The new task Solar energy in industrial water and waste water management has already been the 62nd since IEA SHC was established in 1977. For more information, please contact Christoph Brunner, AEE INTEC, Austria: c.brunner@aee.at

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;

Zhejiang Sidite New Energy Co.,Ltd.

NEW COATING MANUFACTURER IN CHINA

Last December, Shandong-based Sanqiaoneng introduced a new line of absorber plates, which had taken five years to develop. According to the company website, Singaporean investment holding company Rowsley had spent USD 5 million on the design of a selective coating for these metal plates. Professor He Tao from the China Academy of Building Research (middle of the photo), visited Sanqiaoneng’s coating plant in late January.

Photo: Sanqiaoneng

Sanqiaoneng, founded last March, employs magnetron sputtering to apply the new selective coating onto stainless steel plates, type SUS444. The plates are then impulse welded before being put inside the collectors. Ruicheng Zheng, who works at the China Academy of Building Research, affirmed that the material has been tested by the National Centre for Quality Supervision and Testing of Solar Heating Systems in Beijing. However, the results are not available to the public.

The aim is to offer solar heating and cooling solutions to commercial customers. Marketing Manager Zhang Qinglong said that Sanqiaoneng’s first larger solar heating system had been commissioned in late 2017. In all, 1,000 m² of collector area had since been used to provide heat for staff flats. The company’s website also lists a reference project in Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province, where a solar field comprised of flat plate collectors supplies heat at a pig breeding farm.

The Shandong Xiaoya Group uses 934 flat plate collectors of 2 m² each to heat office space.

Photo: Xiaoyasolar.com

In addition, Qinglong has announced a renewable energy demonstration project at the household appliance manufacturer Xiaoya in Jinan, in Shandong province. The company has installed a system combining heat pumps and solar energy to supply hot water and space heating to offices which occupy 11,000 m² of floor space. The Shandong Xiaoya Group aims to become a business showcase for green thermal energy use and allow for the “on-site generation of hot water during the entire year, heating in winter and cooling in summer”.

As reported on the province’s news page – iqilu.com – the project had been launched on 19 January, at the time the air source heat pump had come online. In April, a flat plate collector array measuring 1,868 m² had additionally started to provide thermal energy for hot water and underfloor space heating in the building.

The news article posted to iqilu stated that the third stage of the project would see the addition of a solar thermal cooling system, including a lithium-bromide chiller, and a 5 MW_pphotovoltaic one for on-site electricity consumption. The latter would be installed on the roof and wherever space would be made available.

Organisations mentioned in this article:

http://www.sanqiaoneng.com/

http://www.cabr-sh.com/about_en.aspx

Http://www.sidite-solar.com/category_3_Splitsolarwaterheater.html

SIDITE Solar:
China Manufacturer;
Solar Water Heater, Solar Collector;